superconducting materials are capable of trapping extremely high magnetic fields. this property and meissner effect of superconductors causes a levitation force between bulk superconductors and a permanent magnet (pm). this levitation force has possible industrial applications such as permanent magnet guideways (pmg). because of the high price of permanent magnets, the optimization of pmg desig...

This review deals with the definition and development of hard magnetic materials with special emphasis on more recent developments in this field. After discussing the fundamental properties of all hard magnetic materials, based on the intrinsic and extrinsic properties, some remarks on the history of hard magnetic materials and permanent magnets are given. The important hard ferrites are only b...

A methodology is proposed for optimal shaping of permanent magnets with non-conventional and complex geometries, used in synchronous motors. The algorithm includes artificial neural network-based surrogate model and multi-objective search based optimization method that will lead to Pareto front solutions. An interior permanent magnet topology with crescent-shaped magnets is also introduced as t...

Introduction The Advanced Photon Source (APS), as well as other third-generation synchrotron light sources, uses permanent magnets in the insertion devices to produce x-rays for scientific research [1,2]. When placed in a high-energy storage ring, these permanent magnets are subjected to irradiation from synchrotron radiation, high-energy bremsstrahlung, and bremsstrahlung-produced neutrons. Pr...

We present our simulated initial magnetization curves for nanostructured permanent magnets based on a simple hybrid model. The model assumes that the reversible change in the magnetization curves obeys the Stoner–Wohlfarth (SW) model while the irreversible part can be attributed to the motion of the transition region (TR), which is a domainwall-like magnetic moment distribution formed in the gr...

Many robotics systems rely on permanent magnets, from Lorentz force actuators to magnetic imaging devices. However, permanent magnets are often expensive and there is little opportunity for customization. Machining unmagnetized magnets and then magnetizing them in a lab setting reduces costs and allows researchers to experiment with different geometries and magnetic field parameters. In the pas...